Posterior Pituitary Gland for NEET | Zoology Online Class

Zoology 05: Posterior Pituitary Gland for NEET UG

The posterior pituitary gland is a small but important part of the endocrine system. Also known as the neurohypophysis, it connects the hypothalamus with vital functions such as water balance, childbirth and milk ejection.

The posterior pituitary does not produce hormones independently. It stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus: Antidiuretic Hormone and Oxytocin.

Antidiuretic Hormone

Antidiuretic Hormone, commonly called ADH or vasopressin, helps maintain the body’s water balance. It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys and reduces unnecessary water loss through urine.

A deficiency of ADH can result in diabetes insipidus, a condition associated with excessive urination and intense thirst.

Oxytocin

Oxytocin supports reproductive functions in women. It stimulates strong uterine contractions during childbirth and assists in the ejection of milk from the mammary glands after delivery.

Students should remember that prolactin supports milk production, while oxytocin supports milk ejection.

Important NEET Learning Points

• Posterior pituitary is also called neurohypophysis
• It stores and releases ADH and oxytocin
• These hormones are produced in the hypothalamus
• ADH promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys
• ADH deficiency may cause diabetes insipidus
• Oxytocin supports childbirth and milk ejection
• Posterior pituitary has a direct neural connection with the hypothalamus

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